Cloxacillin
AntibioticsA semi-synthetic, beta-lactamase-resistant (antistaphylococcal) penicillin, bactericidal, binding to penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit cell-wall construction. It resists breakdown by the penicillinase produced by staphylococci and is widely used in intramammary preparations.
Pharmacological information
A class-level scientific overview for general reference — no doses. The ultimate reference is always the locally approved product leaflet and consultation with a veterinarian.
Mechanism of action
A semi-synthetic, beta-lactamase-resistant (antistaphylococcal) penicillin, bactericidal, binding to penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit cell-wall construction. It resists breakdown by the penicillinase produced by staphylococci and is widely used in intramammary preparations.
Indications
- Mastitis caused by staphylococci and susceptible Gram-positive bacteria
- Protection at drying-off (dry-cow preparations)
Contraindications & warnings
- Hypersensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins
- Adherence to milk and meat withdrawal periods per the label
Drug interactions
- Theoretical antagonism with bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides)
Prudent use of antibiotics
Prescribed based on diagnosis and susceptibility testing where possible, to limit antibiotic resistance.
Withdrawal periods
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 28 days | — | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 4 days | 60 hours | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | — | — | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | zero | zero | — |
| Sheep | zero | zero | — |
| Horses | zero | — | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | — | — | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 28 days | — | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 28 days | 204 hours | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 28 days | 4 days | — |
| Species | Meat | Milk | Eggs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | zero | zero | — |
| Horses | zero | zero | — |
| Sheep | zero | zero | — |
Recorded adverse effects
openFDA veterinary reports — the numbers are report counts, not a severity rate.
Related products
Sources
- •Withdrawal periods: UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD).
- •European Medicines Agency (EMA) — Veterinary medicines
- •Merck Veterinary Manual — Pharmacology
- •World Health Organization — Critically Important Antimicrobials (WHO CIA)
- •Always verify the locally approved leaflet and consult a veterinarian.